Specifically, by 2020, the total amount of biogas could reach about 11.32 million cubic meters, and by 2050, this figure is expected to increase to more than 48.43 million cubic meters. With this amount of gas, about 20.95 billion kWh of electricity can be produced in 2030 and 52.30 billion kWh in 2050, accounting for about 20% and 15.3% of the country's total electricity demand. In addition, biogas can also generate significant amounts of heat, 121,451, 211,298 and 531,014 million mega-joules in 2020, 2030 and 2050 respectively, enough to provide the equivalent thermal energy of 4.8 to more than 21 thousand tons of coal.

To better assess the environmental benefits of biogas, the team developed seven different scenarios for the substitution rates of coal, firewood, and LPG in electricity generation and cooking with biogas. The results showed that in 2020, replacing coal or firewood with biogas could reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 68.2 and 67.9 million tonnes of CO₂, respectively, equivalent to taking nearly 15 million cars off the road for a year. By 2050, these figures would increase to 148.4 and 147.9 million tonnes of CO₂, respectively, equivalent to the emissions of about 32 million cars per year. At the same time, biogas demonstrated a more effective emission reduction potential than LPG when used as a substitute for cooking or electricity generation.

Based on these results, the research team recommends that Vietnam focus on collecting and effectively using agricultural wastes for energy production, especially in high-potential areas, such as the Red River Delta and the Mekong Delta. To promote this, it is necessary to develop reasonable waste collection models, learn from successful countries, and implement financial incentives to encourage the use of this fuel source. These proposals aim to minimize the negative impacts of pollution and greenhouse gases, contributing to the sustainable development of the national energy sector. The study was published in the journal Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews.