Symptoms of heatstroke usually occur on hot and humid days. Photo: TL

Heatstroke is a fairly common thermoregulation disorder, especially among people who frequently travel and work outdoors, such as construction workers, farmers, street vendors, drivers, and delivery personnel. When the body is exposed to high temperatures for extended periods, especially under intense sunlight, its ability to regulate temperature is impaired, leading to dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and other serious consequences.

Regarding symptoms of heatstroke, Dr. Nguyen Thanh Su, a specialist at Gia Dinh People's Hospital in Ho Chi Minh City, said: "People who work outdoors or in high-temperature environments for extended periods are very susceptible to heat-related illnesses."

The mildest symptoms include sunburn, fatigue, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and cramps due to salt and water loss. More severe symptoms can include heat exhaustion, and the most dangerous is heatstroke. Heatstroke is a medical emergency where body temperature rises above 40 degrees Celsius. Patients may become drowsy, delirious, have seizures, or even fall into a coma if not treated promptly.

Symptoms of heatstroke don't usually appear suddenly but progress in stages. Initially, a person suffering from heatstroke may feel tired, dizzy, lightheaded, have a headache, and experience hot, red, and dry skin. They sweat profusely but feel intensely thirsty, have dry lips, and a sore throat.

Continuing to work in hot environments can lead to nausea, vomiting, rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath, muscle cramps, and even drowsiness or loss of consciousness. In severe cases, heatstroke symptoms can lead to heat shock, which is life-threatening if not treated promptly.

For those who frequently work outdoors, the risk of heatstroke is even higher due to prolonged exposure to high temperatures. Not only direct sunlight, but also the surrounding environment , such as asphalt and concrete surfaces, absorb heat and contribute to increased body temperature.

Many people are careless and continue working even when their bodies show warning signs, leading to a worsening of their condition. In some cases, they even confuse ordinary fatigue with heatstroke, causing delays in treatment.

When someone shows symptoms of heatstroke, proper treatment is crucial. First, quickly remove the person from the hot, sunny area and move them to a cool, well-ventilated place or one with air conditioning. Lay the person down to rest and loosen their clothing to allow the body to dissipate heat more easily. If the person is still conscious, give them small sips of cool water, preferably water with added salt or an electrolyte solution to replenish lost fluids and minerals. Simultaneously, use a wet towel to wipe the body and apply cool compresses to the forehead, neck, armpits, and groin to help lower the temperature more quickly.

If heatstroke symptoms worsen, such as convulsions, unconsciousness, inability to drink water, or excessively high body temperature, call emergency services immediately and do not attempt self-treatment at home.

A common mistake is giving someone with heatstroke symptoms very cold water or suddenly pouring cold water over their body. This can cause vasoconstriction, hindering heat dissipation and making the condition more dangerous. Additionally, alcoholic beverages, sugary drinks, and coffee should not be given to the patient as they can cause further dehydration. Treating heatstroke requires gentle, gradual, and proper methods to ensure safety.

To prevent heatstroke, attention should be paid to work and travel schedules. Those who frequently work outdoors need to be mindful of protecting their health from the harsh effects of the weather. First, avoid working during peak hours, typically from 10 am to 4 pm. If working during this time is unavoidable, divide your work into smaller shifts, interspersed with short breaks in shady areas to allow your body time to recover.

Clothing also plays an important role in preventing heatstroke. Loose, breathable, light-colored clothing should be worn to reduce heat absorption. Wearing a wide-brimmed hat, a conical hat, or using an umbrella will protect your head and face. Additionally, wearing sunglasses and a face mask helps limit the effects of ultraviolet rays and dust.

Adequate hydration is essential. Outdoor workers need to drink water frequently, even when they don't feel thirsty. On average, 2-3 liters of water should be consumed daily, depending on activity level and weather conditions. Besides plain water, electrolyte drinks, coconut water, or fruit juices can be used to replenish minerals. Dietary habits also need attention; eat plenty of green vegetables, fruits, and easily digestible foods to help maintain the body's resistance.

According to health experts, monitoring one's own health is crucial during hot weather. If you experience any unusual symptoms such as dizziness, nausea, or prolonged fatigue, you should stop working and rest immediately. Overworking should be avoided as it can lead to serious consequences. Workers should also be equipped with basic knowledge of heatstroke symptoms so they can protect themselves and assist others when needed.